Spaced retrieval - Revision history

Vipul: /* Relation with mode of review */

2023-12-04T16:51:45Z

Relation with mode of review

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:51, 4 December 2023
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	==Relation with mode of review==		==Relation with mode of review==

	Spaced repetition is a general idea that can be combined with any mode of review. For instance, spaced repetition may be done using a [[quiz and recall]] strategy: a list of questions and answers is generated during the original study (or obtained from elsewhere) and the learner quizzes himself or herself using that list of questions after the appropriately spaced intervals. Spaced repetition may also use more [[active recall\|active forms of recall]] (such as ~~trying to reconstruct the whole knowledge base without any cues at all~~) or more [[passive recall\|passive forms of recall]] (such as reading through the learning material again).		Spaced repetition is a general idea that can be combined with any mode of review. For instance, spaced repetition may be done using a [[quiz and recall]] strategy: a list of questions and answers is generated during the original study (or obtained from elsewhere) and the learner quizzes himself or herself using that list of questions after the appropriately spaced intervals. Spaced repetition may also use more [[active recall\|active forms of recall]] (i.e., free recall, such as [[recursive recall]]) or more [[passive recall\|passive forms of recall]] (such as reading through the learning material again).

	The most typical use of spaced repetition is in conjunction with a quiz and recall strategy. Spaced repetition software such as Anki implements flashcards, that are ideally suited for this strategy. The reason for a quiz and recall strategy is that the attempt to actively recall material based on cues can do a better job both of testing one's memory and of increasing its strength. More active forms of recall run the risk of being too difficult for people who have not completely internalized the material, whereas more passive forms of recall run the risk of not strengthening the memory at all because there is no attempt at retrieval.		The most typical use of spaced repetition is in conjunction with a quiz and recall strategy. Spaced repetition software such as Anki implements flashcards, that are ideally suited for this strategy. The reason for a quiz and recall strategy is that the attempt to actively recall material based on cues can do a better job both of testing one's memory and of increasing its strength. More active forms of recall run the risk of being too difficult for people who have not completely internalized the material, whereas more passive forms of recall run the risk of not strengthening the memory at all because there is no attempt at retrieval.

Vipul: Vipul moved page Spaced repetition to Spaced retrieval

2023-12-04T16:44:05Z

Vipul moved page Spaced repetition to Spaced retrieval

← Older revision	Revision as of 16:44, 4 December 2023
(No difference)

Vipul at 16:43, 4 December 2023

2023-12-04T16:43:46Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:43, 4 December 2023
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	{{review technique}}		{{review technique}}

	'''Spaced repetition''' is an approach where material is reviewed at strategic time intervals so as to increase the strength of recall as much as possible. The general idea is to space out the intervals for reviewing the material with the time gap between successive reviews growing exponentially; the precise logic for the time gap after a given review may depend on whether the recall was a success or failure, with larger gaps after successful recalls than after failed recalls. The theoretical rationale for increasing the spacing between successive recalls is that the [[forgetting curve]] decays exponentially. Each successful attempt at recall increases the strength of the memory, therefore combating the forgetting curve.		==Definition==

			'''Spaced retrieval''', colloquially called '''spaced repetition''', and also potentially called '''spaced recall''' or '''spaced review''', is an approach where material is reviewed at strategic time intervals so as to increase the strength of recall as much as possible. It has two aspects:

			* ''Spacing'', where there is a spacing between retrieval attempts; this is based on the [[testing effect]].
			* ''Retrieval'', where there is an attempt to recall the information. In general, [[active recall\|more active forms of recall]] work better for retrieval; this is based on the related phenomena of the [[testing effect]], [[pretesting effect]], and [[generation effect]].

			The logic for spacing is based on the [[forgetting curve]], where retention decays over time, but the rate of decay gets slower and slower at each successive retrieval. The gap between successive retrievals may vary based on the precise system used; in most systems, the gap is shorter in case of failed retrievals than in the case of successful retrievals. Generally, constant gaps (not growing) are used for failed retrievals, whereas the gaps for successful retrievals may be either constant or grow (with the growth rate anywhere between linear and exponential).

	==Relation with mode of review==		==Relation with mode of review==

Vipul at 00:12, 4 December 2023

2023-12-04T00:12:17Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:12, 4 December 2023
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	{{~~learning~~ technique}}		{{review technique}}

	'''Spaced repetition''' is an approach where material is reviewed at strategic time intervals so as to increase the strength of recall as much as possible. The general idea is to space out the intervals for reviewing the material with the time gap between successive reviews growing exponentially; the precise logic for the time gap after a given review may depend on whether the recall was a success or failure, with larger gaps after successful recalls than after failed recalls. The theoretical rationale for increasing the spacing between successive recalls is that the [[forgetting curve]] decays exponentially. Each successful attempt at recall increases the strength of the memory, therefore combating the forgetting curve.		'''Spaced repetition''' is an approach where material is reviewed at strategic time intervals so as to increase the strength of recall as much as possible. The general idea is to space out the intervals for reviewing the material with the time gap between successive reviews growing exponentially; the precise logic for the time gap after a given review may depend on whether the recall was a success or failure, with larger gaps after successful recalls than after failed recalls. The theoretical rationale for increasing the spacing between successive recalls is that the [[forgetting curve]] decays exponentially. Each successful attempt at recall increases the strength of the memory, therefore combating the forgetting curve.

Vipul at 22:26, 3 December 2023

2023-12-03T22:26:00Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:26, 3 December 2023
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	{{learning technique}}		{{learning technique}}

	'''Spaced repetition''' is an approach where material is reviewed at strategic time intervals so as to increase the strength of recall as much as possible. The general idea is to space out the intervals for reviewing the material with the gap between successive ~~review intervals~~ growing exponentially. The theoretical rationale for increasing the spacing between successive recalls is that the [[forgetting curve]] decays exponentially. Each attempt at recall increases the strength of the memory, therefore combating the forgetting curve.		'''Spaced repetition''' is an approach where material is reviewed at strategic time intervals so as to increase the strength of recall as much as possible. The general idea is to space out the intervals for reviewing the material with the time gap between successive reviews growing exponentially; the precise logic for the time gap after a given review may depend on whether the recall was a success or failure, with larger gaps after successful recalls than after failed recalls. The theoretical rationale for increasing the spacing between successive recalls is that the [[forgetting curve]] decays exponentially. Each successful attempt at recall increases the strength of the memory, therefore combating the forgetting curve.

	==Relation with mode of review==		==Relation with mode of review==

	Spaced repetition is a general idea that can be combined with any mode of review. For instance, spaced repetition may be done using a [[quiz and recall]] strategy: a list of questions and answers is generated during the original study (or obtained from elsewhere) and the learner quizzes himself or herself using that list of questions after the appropriately spaced intervals. Spaced repetition may also use more [[~~Active~~ recall\|active forms of recall]] (such as trying to reconstruct the whole knowledge base without any cues at all) or more [[~~Passive~~ recall\|passive forms of recall]] (such as reading through the learning material again).		Spaced repetition is a general idea that can be combined with any mode of review. For instance, spaced repetition may be done using a [[quiz and recall]] strategy: a list of questions and answers is generated during the original study (or obtained from elsewhere) and the learner quizzes himself or herself using that list of questions after the appropriately spaced intervals. Spaced repetition may also use more [[active recall\|active forms of recall]] (such as trying to reconstruct the whole knowledge base without any cues at all) or more [[passive recall\|passive forms of recall]] (such as reading through the learning material again).

	The most typical use of spaced repetition is in conjunction with a quiz and recall strategy. Spaced repetition software such as Anki implements flashcards, that are ideally suited for this strategy. The reason for a quiz and recall strategy is that the attempt to actively recall material based on cues can do a better job both of testing one's memory and of increasing its strength. More active forms of recall run the risk of being too difficult for people who have not completely internalized the material, whereas more passive forms of recall run the risk of not strengthening the memory at all because there is no attempt at retrieval.		The most typical use of spaced repetition is in conjunction with a quiz and recall strategy. Spaced repetition software such as Anki implements flashcards, that are ideally suited for this strategy. The reason for a quiz and recall strategy is that the attempt to actively recall material based on cues can do a better job both of testing one's memory and of increasing its strength. More active forms of recall run the risk of being too difficult for people who have not completely internalized the material, whereas more passive forms of recall run the risk of not strengthening the memory at all because there is no attempt at retrieval.

Vipul at 03:17, 24 September 2021

2021-09-24T03:17:59Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:17, 24 September 2021
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			{{learning technique}}

	'''Spaced repetition''' is an approach where material is reviewed at strategic time intervals so as to increase the strength of recall as much as possible. The general idea is to space out the intervals for reviewing the material with the gap between successive review intervals growing exponentially. The theoretical rationale for increasing the spacing between successive recalls is that the [[forgetting curve]] decays exponentially. Each attempt at recall increases the strength of the memory, therefore combating the forgetting curve.		'''Spaced repetition''' is an approach where material is reviewed at strategic time intervals so as to increase the strength of recall as much as possible. The general idea is to space out the intervals for reviewing the material with the gap between successive review intervals growing exponentially. The theoretical rationale for increasing the spacing between successive recalls is that the [[forgetting curve]] decays exponentially. Each attempt at recall increases the strength of the memory, therefore combating the forgetting curve.

Issa Rice: /* Relation with mode of review */

2018-09-20T19:52:12Z

Relation with mode of review

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:52, 20 September 2018
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	==Relation with mode of review==		==Relation with mode of review==

	Spaced repetition is a general idea that can be combined with any mode of review. For instance, spaced repetition may be done using a [[quiz and recall]] strategy: a list of questions and answers is generated during the original study (or obtained from elsewhere) and the learner quizzes himself or herself using that list of questions after the appropriately spaced intervals. Spaced repetition may also use more active forms of recall (such as trying to reconstruct the whole knowledge base without any cues at all) or more passive forms or recall (such as reading through the learning material again).		Spaced repetition is a general idea that can be combined with any mode of review. For instance, spaced repetition may be done using a [[quiz and recall]] strategy: a list of questions and answers is generated during the original study (or obtained from elsewhere) and the learner quizzes himself or herself using that list of questions after the appropriately spaced intervals. Spaced repetition may also use more [[Active recall\|active forms of recall]] (such as trying to reconstruct the whole knowledge base without any cues at all) or more [[Passive recall\|passive forms of recall]] (such as reading through the learning material again).

	The most typical use of spaced repetition is in conjunction with a quiz and recall strategy. Spaced repetition software such as Anki implements flashcards, that are ideally suited for this strategy. The reason for a quiz and recall strategy is that the attempt to actively recall material based on cues can do a better job both of testing one's memory and of increasing its strength. More active forms of recall run the risk of being too difficult for people who have not completely internalized the material, whereas more passive forms of recall run the risk of not strengthening the memory at all because there is no attempt at retrieval.		The most typical use of spaced repetition is in conjunction with a quiz and recall strategy. Spaced repetition software such as Anki implements flashcards, that are ideally suited for this strategy. The reason for a quiz and recall strategy is that the attempt to actively recall material based on cues can do a better job both of testing one's memory and of increasing its strength. More active forms of recall run the risk of being too difficult for people who have not completely internalized the material, whereas more passive forms of recall run the risk of not strengthening the memory at all because there is no attempt at retrieval.

Vipul at 17:25, 24 May 2014

2014-05-24T17:25:22Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:25, 24 May 2014
Line 6:		Line 6:

	The most typical use of spaced repetition is in conjunction with a quiz and recall strategy. Spaced repetition software such as Anki implements flashcards, that are ideally suited for this strategy. The reason for a quiz and recall strategy is that the attempt to actively recall material based on cues can do a better job both of testing one's memory and of increasing its strength. More active forms of recall run the risk of being too difficult for people who have not completely internalized the material, whereas more passive forms of recall run the risk of not strengthening the memory at all because there is no attempt at retrieval.		The most typical use of spaced repetition is in conjunction with a quiz and recall strategy. Spaced repetition software such as Anki implements flashcards, that are ideally suited for this strategy. The reason for a quiz and recall strategy is that the attempt to actively recall material based on cues can do a better job both of testing one's memory and of increasing its strength. More active forms of recall run the risk of being too difficult for people who have not completely internalized the material, whereas more passive forms of recall run the risk of not strengthening the memory at all because there is no attempt at retrieval.

			==Systems of spaced repetition==

			* [[Leitner system]] is a simple system that can be implemented relatively easily without computer assistance.
			* The [[Pimsleur language learning system]] uses a version of spaced repetition.
			* [[Anki]] is a popular computer software that implements spaced repetition with digital flashcards.

	==External links==		==External links==

Vipul at 17:22, 24 May 2014

2014-05-24T17:22:07Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:22, 24 May 2014
Line 1:		Line 1:
	'''Spaced repetition''' is an approach where material is reviewed at strategic time intervals so as to increase the strength of recall as much as possible. The general idea is to space out the intervals for reviewing the material with the gap between successive review intervals growing exponentially. The theoretical rationale for increasing the spacing between successive recalls is that the [[forgetting curve]] decays exponentially.		'''Spaced repetition''' is an approach where material is reviewed at strategic time intervals so as to increase the strength of recall as much as possible. The general idea is to space out the intervals for reviewing the material with the gap between successive review intervals growing exponentially. The theoretical rationale for increasing the spacing between successive recalls is that the [[forgetting curve]] decays exponentially. Each attempt at recall increases the strength of the memory, therefore combating the forgetting curve.

			==Relation with mode of review==

			Spaced repetition is a general idea that can be combined with any mode of review. For instance, spaced repetition may be done using a [[quiz and recall]] strategy: a list of questions and answers is generated during the original study (or obtained from elsewhere) and the learner quizzes himself or herself using that list of questions after the appropriately spaced intervals. Spaced repetition may also use more active forms of recall (such as trying to reconstruct the whole knowledge base without any cues at all) or more passive forms or recall (such as reading through the learning material again).

			The most typical use of spaced repetition is in conjunction with a quiz and recall strategy. Spaced repetition software such as Anki implements flashcards, that are ideally suited for this strategy. The reason for a quiz and recall strategy is that the attempt to actively recall material based on cues can do a better job both of testing one's memory and of increasing its strength. More active forms of recall run the risk of being too difficult for people who have not completely internalized the material, whereas more passive forms of recall run the risk of not strengthening the memory at all because there is no attempt at retrieval.

	==External links==		==External links==

Vipul: /* External links */

2014-03-13T18:41:16Z

External links

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:41, 13 March 2014
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	* [http://www.gwern.net/Spaced%20repetition Gwern Branwen's overview of spaced repetition]		* [http://www.gwern.net/Spaced%20repetition Gwern Branwen's overview of spaced repetition]
			* [http://lesswrong.com/r/discussion/lw/juq/a_vote_against_spaced_repetition/ A vote against spaced repetition]