Misconception

This article is about a kind of learning failure, i.e., a situation where learning fails (temporarily or permanently) to achieve its intended effect.
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Definition

A misconception is a belief or model in a learner's mind, implicit or explicit, that is in contradiction with the material (specifically, the concepts) that the learner is expected to learn.

Misconceptions may be diagnosed using tools such as calling out misconceptions, error-spotting exercise, and concept inventory.